Q. Who is the worker ?
Work plays an important role in our lives as an individual can earn their living after doing work.
A worker is an individual who is doing some economic activity and contribute to GDP to earn for living.
A person is classified as workers if (i) he has contract or agreement to do work.
(ii) he gets reward or another benefit of doing a work.(iii) he works for himself as a self-employed.
Q. What is economic activity?
All activity which contributes to the GDP or NI (Gross domestic Product ) are called economic activates.
Q. How many types of workers?
Two types of workers
i) Self employed
The works who own and operate a business to earn their livelihood
ii) Hired worker
Some people are hired a worker and paid wages or salaries as rewards for their services.
There are two types of hired worker
i) Casual workers; - many businesses have not hired
ii) Regular salaried workers :- many business are hired worker for regular/permanent basis and get all social security benefit .
Q What is labour force ?
It refers to the number of working who is working (include worker are able to work). It is not related to wage rate.
Q what is labour supply?
It refers to the group of labour that the workers are willing to o ffger corresponding to a particular wage rate.
Q what is particular wage rate ?/(wage rate /ratio)
It is the price per unit of labor. Most commonly, workers are paid by the hour/day for 2011 . the legal minimum wage rate for mostly labour.
Example :- we know a mason . he is work for rupees 500 per day as reward for services . 500 rupess is wager rate because all mason will demand on this rate .
Q.what is workforce ?
It is the total number of persons actually working not related with will to work and able to work.
Q how to calculated to workforce participation rate/ratio ?
It is percentage of population and contribute in production activity other hand this is ratio of workforce and population of a country.
Rate of participation = 
Q. what is employment ?
It’s a relationship between two parties employer and the employee who are binding in a vcontract ofd doing something valuable.
Or persons are able to work and willing to work then get a employed . it called employment.
Or which persons contributed to GDP they are employed persons?
Q. what do you mean about jobless growth ?
Q. what is situation of a informalisation?
Employment may broadly be two classified (i) formal sector (ii) informal sector
Formal sector :- it refers to organized sector of the economy. It includes all government department public enterprise and private est. which hire 10 or more workers
Informal sector: - it refers to unorganized sector of the economy .
Informalisation of workforce refers to a situation where percentage of workforce in formal sector tends to decline and that in the informal sector tends to rise .
Q. what is difference between formal workers and informal worker ?
Formal workers
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Informal workers
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i) Work in organized sector of the economy.
ii) Are entitled to social benefit like provident fund, pension etc.
iii) Can form trade unions
iv) He is protect by labour laws .
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i) Work in unorganized sector of the economy.
ii) Are not entitled to social benefit like provident fund, pension etc.
iii) Cannot form trade unions
iv) He is not protect by labour laws .
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Q. how to identical unemployment persons ?
Ans In every community of society there will be a huge number of unemployment person.
Its difficult to idenfiation of unemployment persons but there are a variety of ways by which an employment person is idenfied.
One can get the data of unemployed persons through below sources. (i) reports of census of india (ii) NSSO’S (iii) Directorate general of employment and training data of registration with employment .
Q.how many types of unemployment ?
Ans rural employment :- around 70% of india of population lives in village . agriculture is single largest source of their livelihood .
Agriculture have only few problem like dependence for rainfall ,fincial condition , techniques etc.
Rural unemployment have a types
(i) Seasonal unemployment : - in case many persons are not able to find a job in a particular season like an agriculture, ice-cream factory, wooden clothes, cold drinks factory etc.
(ii) Disguised unemployment : - when MPP(marginal physical productivity of labour is zero or sometimes will be negative for example ice cream factory in a winter season productive have been zero this case about disguised unemployment.
Urban unemployment: - in the urban area, people have skill. they are giving that service not a self-employed person. people will search a job in MNC company
Urban unemployment has a type:-
(i) Industrial unemployment: - many illiterate persons who are willing to work in an industry sector. We know British had destroyers the Indian village and convert into industries.
The situation of farmers was not good. They migrated to the urban areas in search of jobs. But they could only increase the number of unemployed persons.
In recent years many industries have been modernised. Combined new tech. of production have rendered many workers unemployed. It is called “technological unemployment”.
(ii) Educated unemployment: -In India, the problem of unemployment among the educated people is also quite grave. It is a problem expand all over the country because of high costly in the education facilities has all contributed to the growth of educated person who does not get a suitable job.
Following many types is common in rural and urban unemployment.
Frictional unemployment
Frictional unemployment, also called search unemployment, occurs when workers lose their current job and are in the process of finding another one. There may be little that can be done to reduce this type of unemployment, other than providing better information to reduce the search time. This suggests that full employment is impossible at any one time because some workers will always be in the process of changing jobs.
Structural unemployment
Structural unemployment occurs when certain industries decline because of long-term changes in market conditions for example when the company change in technology as a result old worker's know about old tech. then company threw it.
Underemployment
Labour that falls under the underemployment classification includes those workers who are highly skilled but working in low paying jobs, workers who are highly skilled but working in low skill jobs and part-time workers who would prefer to be full-time.
(i)visible underemployment (ii)invisible underemployment
Cyclical unemployment
Cyclical unemployment is a factor of overall unemployment that relates to the cyclical trends in growth and production that occur within the business cycle. When business cycles are at their peak, cyclical unemployment will be low because the total economic output is being maximised.
Open unemployment
It refers to that situation wherein the worker is willing to work and has the ability to work not yet he does not get work this is called open unemployment.
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